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Description
L'intégration de modules photovoltaïques dans les véhicules, également appelée "VIPV" (Vehicle Integrated PhotoVoltaics) se définit comme l'intégration mécanique, électrique et technique des modules photovoltaïques dans les véhicules.
La transition énergétique vers la durabilité passe par un déploiement croissant du solaire photovoltaïque. Ce type d'énergie demande, à son tour, une plus grande flexibilité du système électrique pour faire face aux pics de production. L'intégration du photovoltaïque dans les véhicules peut contribuer à rendre le système plus flexible en augmentant la capacité de stockage.
L'intégration du photovoltaïque dans les véhicules électriques leur permettra d'étendre leur autonomie et de créer de nouveaux modèles économiques. Les véhicules autonomes légers pourraient répondre à l'essentiel de leur demande grâce au photovoltaïque dans des endroits ensoleillés.
Le principal avantage de ce type d'énergie solaire est l'intégration dans des véhicules ou des bateaux, en partie grâce aux nombreuses possibilités en termes de poids et de dimensions.
Materials
Solar Innova utilise les derniers matériaux pour fabriquer des modules photovoltaïques:
Glass
The front of the module contains a tempered solar glass with high transparency with high transmissivity, low reflectivity and low iron content.
The glass forms the front end of photovoltaic module and protects components housed within the laminate from the weather and mechanical stresses.
At the same time serves as carrier material in the lamination process.
A high transmittance increases the efficiency of the photovoltaic cells and thus has a direct influence on the potency and performance of the final module. A low iron content in the glass composition and an antireflection coating to reduce absorption of radiant energy.
Achieve excellent resistance against mechanical stress and temperature changes due to preload producer.
Top Encapsulant
EVA (Ethyl Vinyl Acetate)
The sheets of EVA (Ethyl Vinyl Acetate) are used to connect the solar cells through the lamination process with glass surface. This step provides the "encapsulated" solar module that is responsible for holding together the photovoltaic module and have a decisive bearing on life. The degree of chained EVA sheet after the lamination process is decisive for the quality indicator of the solar module.
An EVA sheet must guarantee insulation and protective effect throughout the life of the module. The films of poor quality can cause long-term discoloration, delamination or decomposition and, therefore, strongly impair the performance capability of the module in question. Solar Innova uses only high quality sheet of chains with a degree exceeding 85 %, thus providing long lasting protection of cells.
PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral)
The sheets of PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral) are used to connect the solar cells through the lamination process with glass surface. This step provides the "encapsulated" solar module that is responsible for holding together the photovoltaic module and have a decisive bearing on life. The degree of chained PVB sheet after the lamination process is decisive for the quality indicator of the solar module.
An PVB sheet must guarantee insulation and protective effect throughout the life of the module. The films of poor quality can cause long-term discoloration, delamination or decomposition and, therefore, strongly impair the performance capability of the module in question. Solar Innova uses only high quality sheet of chains with a degree exceeding 85 %, thus providing long lasting protection of cells.
The PVB used as encapsulant meets the highest security requirements against breakage resistance offering a break of more than 20 N/mm2.
Ribbon
Welding ribbon is specially designed for manufacturing solar panels product. It is used for electrical connections between solar photovoltaics.
It is made with a flat copper tape, coated with a thin layer of tin (414-600 microinches) on all sides. Tin copper confers protection against oxidation and provides a layer for easy welding.
The welding of the cells is performed by a combination of heat and pressure welding the longitudinal straps. The tape reaches the factory coils are placed in the automatic welding machines.
The solder coating on the ribbon interconnect provides 100% of that needed to form a reliable metallurgical bond at the top of the welding cells.
Cells
Solar cells directly convert sunlight into direct current electrical energy and the generator are of the module. The quality of cells directly influences the characteristics of a solar module is therefore essential silicon composition used.
Solar Innova cells used exclusively Innova highly efficient with minimal variations in the process of optimizing the production reproducibility of the separation of cells. Is a determining factor for the quality of the cell constant for stable profits. The high resistance multipliers and fill factors used cells provide a good source of energy radiation especially low.
Each cell is checked, and classified electrically calibrated prior to interconnection to optimize the behavior of the module.
Back Encapsulant
EVA (Ethyl Vinyl Acetate)
The sheets of EVA (Ethyl Vinyl Acetate) are used to connect the solar cells through the lamination process with glass surface. This step provides the "encapsulated" solar module that is responsible for holding together the photovoltaic module and have a decisive bearing on life. The degree of chained EVA sheet after the lamination process is decisive for the quality indicator of the solar module.
An EVA sheet must guarantee insulation and protective effect throughout the life of the module. The films of poor quality can cause long-term discoloration, delamination or decomposition and, therefore, strongly impair the performance capability of the module in question. Solar Innova uses only high quality sheet of chains with a degree exceeding 85 %, thus providing long lasting protection of cells.
PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral)
The sheets of PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral) are used to connect the solar cells through the lamination process with glass surface. This step provides the "encapsulated" solar module that is responsible for holding together the photovoltaic module and have a decisive bearing on life. The degree of chained PVB sheet after the lamination process is decisive for the quality indicator of the solar module.
An PVB sheet must guarantee insulation and protective effect throughout the life of the module. The films of poor quality can cause long-term discoloration, delamination or decomposition and, therefore, strongly impair the performance capability of the module in question. Solar Innova uses only high quality sheet of chains with a degree exceeding 85 %, thus providing long lasting protection of cells.
The PVB used as encapsulant meets the highest security requirements against breakage resistance offering a break of more than 20 N/mm2.
Glass
The back of the module contains a tempered solar glass with high transparency, low reflectivity and low iron content.
The glass forms the back end of photovoltaic module and protects components housed within the laminate from the weather and mechanical stresses.
At the same time serves as carrier material in the lamination process.
Achieve excellent resistance against mechanical stress and temperature changes due to preload producer.
Junction Box
The primary function is to transmit the energy produced in the module.
The junction box installed is made high temperature resistant plastics. The box is sealed and ready for the weather. Has a degree IP-65, which provides the insulation system against moisture, inclement weather, dirt and ultraviolet radiation. Inside are installed bypass diodes.
Bypass diodes protect the tensile modulus increased and consequently the so-called hot spot effects.
The modules are supplied with box and bypass diodes integrated.
In each module there is a single box for both terminals. Polarity must be observed in the connections to the proper functioning of the modules.
The junction box can be opened in case of failure, thereby facilitating an eventual replacement of damaged diodes. Covers of junction boxes have an indicative drawing. They open by inserting a screwdriver in the appropriate tab in the direction of the arrow, with light pressure on it to open. To close the lid, simply press it to closure. The lid has a flange attached to the junction box while handling the interior thereof. This flange must not be cut at all.
The junction boxes should not suffer any pressure when installing the module on a support structure. No element of it should touch the box.
The junction boxes are similar to modules with the same voltage rating. All connection boxes are provided with symmetrical cables of length 900 mm. With a connector positive (+) and a negative connector (-) with a working temperature range between - 40 ~ + 85° C.
Diodes
The shading of a cell can cause a reverse voltage on it. This cell thus consume power generated by the other in series, resulting in undesirable heating of the shaded cell. This effect, called hot spot will be greater the higher the radiation incident on the rest of the smaller cells and cell receiving that due to the shadow. In an extreme case the cell may be broken due to overheating.
The use of protective diodes or by-pass reduces the risk of heating of the shaded cells, limiting the current that can flow through them and thus preventing the breakage thereof.
All modules with a number of cells greater than or equal to 33 connected in series, manufactured by Solar Innova, are provided with protection diodes that are located at the junction boxes. In modules with fewer cells in series are not required the bypass diodes, as the hot spot effect does not reach the level of risk of rupture of the cells.
The replacement of bypass diodes should be performed only by a qualified competent photovoltaic after disconnecting the system module.
Cables
Our modules are fitted with flexible cables, symmetrical in length, with a diameter of copper section of 4 mm, weather resistant and have been specially designed and certified for use in our modules. Have high values of electrical safety and fire resistance. Its insulation to weathering and UV rays ensures longevity of the installation. Furthermore, the wide range of temperature allows its application even in extreme climatic areas, preventing heat aging and therefore allowing a long life in the photovoltaic system. They have a high strength and a very low contact resistance, all designed to obtain minimum voltage drop losses and allows them to continue operating even in unfavorable conditions.
All our photovoltaic modules are supplied with cable assemblies in the box with the following features:
Length: 900 mm.
Operating Temperature Range: - 40 ~ + 90° C.
Connectors
Our PV modules are equipped with connectors and sockets MC-T4 100 % compatible with the connectors and sockets used to connect electrical systems. Only MC-T4 connector or compatible and special solar cables may be used to lengthen the cables connected to the module. These must meet the electrical requirements of the Interconnection design.
All our photovoltaic modules are supplied with assembled connectors on cables with the following features:
Diameter: Ø 4 mm.
Maximum rated current: 30 A.
Maximum system voltage: 1000 V.
Plugged Protection level: IP-67.
Mounting: easy.
Locking system: Snap in.
Protection Class: II.
Operating Temperature Range: - 40 ~ + 90° C.
Sealed
PV modules require the use of silicone sealant high quality for bonding and sealing of junction boxes of photovoltaic modules.
Silicone has excellent adhesion to most substrates used in the manufacture of photovoltaic modules and does not lose its flexibility in a wide temperature range so it offers perfect protection against the ingress of water into the laminate.
Fabricated with high efficiency. No chemical reactions with EVA material and PVF film protector ensures the chemical stability.
The silicone is applied in the grooves of the frame and the edge of the laminate so as to prevent any infiltration of gas or liquid that can erode the module. At the same time, elasticity serves as a protection against possible mechanical impacts during installation or handling.
Labels
This document describes data sheet and nameplate information for non-concentrating photovoltaic modules. The intent is to provide minimum information required to configure a safe and optimal system with photovoltaic modules. In this context, data sheet information is a technical description separate from the photovoltaic module. The nameplate is a sign in durable construction in the photovoltaic module.
This document is used for identification and traceability at each stage of the production process as part of quality control.
Fabrication
Chaque module photovoltaïque se compose d'un ensemble de cellules solaires interconnectées électriquement, encapsulées avec d'autres matériaux qui rendent l'ensemble résistant aux conditions atmosphériques, avec une conception robuste et facile à installer. Les principales étapes du processus de fabrication sont brièvement résumées ci-dessous:
3.- Cellules interconnexion
La soudure des cellules est l'une des étapes essentielles du procédé de fabrication d'un module solaire.
Le soudage des cellules solaires à cellules chaînes (strings) est réalisée en connectant la face avant d'une cellule à l'arrière de la cellule suivante au moyen de bandes métalliques qui collectent et conduisent l'électricité à travers la chaîne de cellules photovoltaïque.
Les machines à souder les cellules "solaire Innova" permettent les dimensions des cellules de soudage et de différents types (taille, épaisseur, nombre de barres, mono ou polycristallin).
4.- Disposition
A l'avant, le verre trempé est placé pour empêcher la détérioration des cellules photoélectriques.
Ensuite, placez la feuille EVA ou PVB protectrice qui encapsulent l'avant des cellules.
Il procède à placer des chaînes de manière séquentielle tout en laissant le même espace entre chacun d'eux. Une fois que toutes les chaînes de caractères, ils seront soudés ensemble.
Ce gain de pas d'importance quand il est automatisé pour limiter les contraintes sur les cellules et les soudures chaîne pour maximiser la productivité et de réduire les taux de rupture de module.
Ensuite, placé à côté feuille de protection EVA ou PVB qui encapsulent l'arrière des cellules.
A l'arrière, le verre trempé est placé pour empêcher la détérioration des cellules photoélectriques.
6.- Laminage/Cuit
Le sandwich est introduit dans un autoclave (à l'étuve à chaud), fermé hermétiquement, à une température de 145-150º C et une pression comprise entre 10.5 à 11.5 bars au cours de deux phases de deux heures, pour former une unité robuste pour temps, afin de rendre étanche les différentes couches du module par l'intermédiaire de la pression et de la température.
Une fois cuite est procédé à couper l'excès de matière (EVA ou PVB) sur les bords du stratifié.
11.- Flash Test
L'équipement de test flash est un contrôle de la qualité essentielle dans une ligne de fabrication de modules solaires.
En mesurant flash est permis de mesurer la courbe IV et de déterminer le module d'alimentation Mpp et de contrôle font une bonne isolation électrique.
Le test flash est un test pour mesurer la performance de sortie du module PV solaire et est une procédure standard au fabricant pour assurer le fonctionnement de chaque module. Lors d'un test flash du module PV est exposé à une courte (1 ms à 30 ms), lumineux (100 mW par sq. Cm) flash de lumière d'une lampe à arc xénon rempli. Le spectre de sortie de la lampe esta est aussi proche du spectre du soleil que possible.
Afin d'assurer la précision de la mesure, Solar Innova utilise un module de positionnement plane et parfaitement orienté vers Flash éclairage est uniforme sur toute la surface du module.
La sortie est recueillie par un ordinateur et les données sont comparées à un module solaire de référence. Les données de référence est adaptée à la puissance de sortie calibrée à une irradiation solaire standard.
Les résultats du test flash sont comparées aux spécifications des modules PV fiches et des données intégrées dans les rapports flash et imprimés sur l'étiquette sur le dos du module.
Une fois les mesures effectuées modules sont marqués sur le dos avec un code à barres contenant un numéro traçables à la date de fabrication pour les séries d'identification.
12.- Étiquetage
Après avoir effectué les mesures de chaque module sera étiqueté sur le dos avec une étiquette adhésive bien visible et indélébile, où le modèle de données du fabricant et les données techniques de chaque module sont reflétées, le tout conformément à la norme UNE-EN 50380:2003, des informations à partir de feuilles de données et plaques pour les modules photovoltaïques.
Les modules sont marqués sur la partie arrière avec un conteneur de codes à barres contenant un numéro de série traçables à la date de fabrication pour l'identification.
